This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
All calculators
348 calculators in 28 topics. Jump directly to:
- Growth & percentiles
- Preterm infants
- Neonatology
- Bilirubin
- Gestational age
- Syndromes
- Cerebral palsy
- Anthropometry
- Medications & Dosing
- Fluids, electrolytes & acid-base
- Nephrology & urology
- Cardiology
- Pulmonology & Asthma
- Fever & infectious diseases
- Emergency & intensive care medicine
- Gastroenterology & Hepatology
- Endocrinology & Diabetology
- Hematology & Oncology
- Neurology & pain
- Allergology & Dermatology
- Rheumatology
- Orthopedics
- Nutrition
- Laboratory & Conversions
- Development & Preventive Care
- Universal calculators
- Growth trajectories
- Z-score & percentile
Growth & percentiles 17
Topic page- WHO 0–24 monthsWeight, Length, Head circumference, BMI and weight-for-length according to WHO 2006
- WHO 0–5 yearsWeight, length/height, head circumference, BMI and weight-for-height according to WHO 2006
- WHO 5–19 yearsHeight, BMI (and weight up to 10 years) by the WHO reference 2007
- CDC 0–36 monthsWeight, length, head circumference and weight-for-length according to CDC 2000
- CDC 2–20 yearsWeight, height, weight-for-height and BMI-for-age according to CDC 2000
- CDC Extended BMIBMI-for-age 2–20 years incl. values above P95 and % of P95
- Kromeyer-Hauschild (German reference)Weight, height and BMI 0–18 years according to the German reference 2001
- KiGGS (RKI 2013)Weight, height, BMI, head circumference and skinfolds 4 months–18 years
- Swiss growth charts 2026 (Eiholzer 2025)Length/height, weight, BMI and weight for length according to the new Swiss charts, 0–18/20 years
- Adult height (target height from parental height)Expected adult height from parental and grandparental heights and the current body height – with probability range
- Growth velocitycm/year from two height measurements – classified against WHO, CDC, Kromeyer-Hauschild or KiGGS
- Weight gain, generalg/day, g/week and g/kg/day from two weighings – for infants and children outside the Fenton curve
- Head circumference growth velocitycm/week, cm/month and cm/year from two head circumference measurements, classified against the reference
- Height ageThe age at which the measured height equals the median – also weight age and head circumference age
- Adult height prediction by Bayley-PinneauAdult height from current height and bone age (Greulich-Pyle) – tables for average, accelerated and retarded maturation
- Adult height by the multiplier methodAdult height = current height × age- and sex-dependent multiplier (Paley 2004), without radiograph
- Bone age and final height calculatorBayley-Pinneau and multiplier method (chronological and by skeletal age) side by side – with comparison to the mid-parental target height
Preterm infants 14
Topic page- Fenton 2025 Growth Calculator / Fenton 2025 Growth CalculatorWeight, length, head circumference according to the third-generation Fenton curves (2025); expected weight gain
- Fenton 2025 Electronic Growth Chart / Electronic Fenton 2025 Growth ChartLongitudinal course with curves and weight gain per week
- Fenton 2013 Growth Calculator / Fenton 2013 Growth CalculatorWeight, length, head circumference by postmenstrual age; expected weight gain
- Fenton 2013 Electronic Growth Chart / Electronic Fenton 2013 Growth ChartLongitudinal course with curves and weight gain per week
- Fenton 2003 Growth Calculator / Fenton 2003 Growth Calculator (Legacy)Older preterm growth charts (2003, unisex) – for comparison with Fenton 2013
- Olsen 2010 Growth CalculatorIntrauterine curves (USA): weight, length, head circumference 23–41 weeks
- Olsen 2015 BMI CalculatorBMI percentile and z-score for preterm infants 24–41 weeks
- INTERGROWTH-21st size at birth (33+0 to 42+6 weeks)Birth weight, length and head circumference according to the INTERGROWTH-21st standard, with z-score and SGA/LGA
- INTERGROWTH-21st size at birth of very preterm infants (24+0 to 32+6 weeks)Birth weight, length and head circumference of very preterm infants according to INTERGROWTH-21st, with z-score and SGA/LGA
- INTERGROWTH-21st postnatal growth of preterm infantsWeight, length, head circumference and weight for length 27–64 weeks postmenstrual; gain needed to hold the percentile
- INTERGROWTH-21st growth chart for preterm infants (follow-up)Multiple measurement points of a preterm infant on the INTERGROWTH-21st postnatal curves
- Size at birth (SGA/AGA/LGA)Classify birth weight by Fenton 2013, Fenton 2025, Olsen 2010 and INTERGROWTH-21st
- Growth velocity & required gaing/kg/day between two measurements; weekly gain to maintain the percentile (Fenton 2013)
- NICHD Extremely Preterm Birth Outcome Tool (22–25 weeks)Survival probability of actively treated and of all extremely preterm infants from gestational age, birth weight, sex, multiple-birth status and steroids (Rysavy 2020) – with neurodevelopmental data
Neonatology 18
Topic page- APGAR scoreSkin color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, respiration – 0–10 points at 1, 5 and 10 minutes
- New Ballard ScoreGestational age from neuromuscular and physical maturity (Ballard 1991), 20–44 weeks
- Silverman-Andersen scoreWork of breathing in the newborn: chest movement, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting – 0–10 points
- Downes Respiratory Distress ScoreRespiratory rate, cyanosis, retractions, grunting, breath sounds – neonatal RDS score 0–10
- SNAP-IIScore for Neonatal Acute Physiology II: six physiological variables of the first 12 hours, 0–115 points
- SNAPPE-IISNAP-II plus birth weight, SGA and 5-minute Apgar – mortality risk, 0–162 points
- CRIB II – partial scores (no total score)Clinical Risk Index for Babies II in preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks – gestational age × birth weight matrix not freely available
- nSOFANeonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: ventilation/SpO₂-FiO₂, inotropes and steroids, platelets – 0–15 points
- Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence ScoreModified Finnegan sheet: 21 neonatal withdrawal signs; treatment thresholds are protocol-dependent
- Neonatal fluid requirementml/kg/day by day of life and maturity or birth weight (ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN 2018)
- Parenteral energy requirement – preterm infants to adolescentskcal/kg/day by disease phase for preterm infants, infants and children (ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN 2018)
- Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: modified Sarnat stages and cooling criteria (NICHD)Newborns from 36 weeks: grade of encephalopathy according to the 6 categories of the modified Sarnat criteria and check of the NICHD criteria for therapeutic hypothermia
- Thompson score in neonatal encephalopathy9 clinical signs of encephalopathy in the newborn, total 0–22; total only, without severity grades (not confirmed in the original)
- Hypoglycemia in newborns: cut-off values and initial treatmentClassify the newborn’s blood glucose according to Pädiatrie Schweiz 2021 (standard), AAP 2011 or PES 2015 – with dextrose gel, supplemental feeding and i.v. dose, as far as the chosen guideline specifies them
- Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) in neonatal opioid withdrawalDecision aid without score: Can the child eat, sleep and be consoled? From this follows a discussion with the parents or a team meeting (Grossman 2017, ESC-NOW 2023)
- Partial exchange transfusion for polycythemia of the newbornExchange volume = blood volume × (hematocrit − target hematocrit) ÷ hematocrit, target usually 55 % (Cochrane 2010); blood volume from the Blood volume calculator
- BIND-M: signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathyModified BIND score in neonatal jaundice: Consciousness, muscle tone, crying, eye movements, 0–12 points; from 3 points encephalopathy likely (validated only in Nigeria)
- Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator / Early-onset sepsis risk in newborns ≥ 34 weeksOriginal model (Puopolo 2011/Escobar 2014), from 34 0/7 weeks: risk per 1 000 live births from gestational age, maternal temperature, duration of rupture of membranes, GBS status and antibiotics – updated with the clinical presentation; not the 2024 Kaiser model
Bilirubin 4
Topic page- AAP Bilirubin 2022Newborns ≥ 35 weeks of gestation: phototherapy, escalation and exchange thresholds, follow-up, course
- AAP Bilirubin 2004 (Legacy)Older nomograms (low, intermediate, high risk)
- Bilirubin per AWMF 024-007 (historical, as of 2015)German guideline of 2015 (expired): Phototherapy threshold by gestational age and hours of life
- Bilirubin per NICE CG98 (United Kingdom)Phototherapy and exchange thresholds according to the British guideline, also for preterm infants from 23 weeks
Gestational age 5
Topic page- Gestational age calculatorEDD, last menstrual period, birth, GA at birth → PMA, day of life, chronological and corrected age
- Postmenstrual age (PMA)Gestational age at birth + chronological age
- Day of life (DOL) and chronological ageDay of life and exact age from date of birth and examination date
- Estimated due date (EDD) and last menstrual period (LMP)Convert due date, last menstrual period and gestational age at birth into one another
- ROP screening dateFirst examination for retinopathy of prematurity according to AAP 2018
Syndromes 6
Topic page- Down syndrome 0–36 months (Zemel 2015)Weight, length, head circumference and weight-for-length
- Down syndrome 2–20 years (Zemel 2015)Weight, height, head circumference and BMI
- Turner syndrome (Lyon 1985)Height 1–20 years on the Turner reference curve
- Noonan syndrome (Cappa 2024)Height, weight, BMI and growth velocity
- Turner syndrome – SDS and final height predictionHeight SDS on the Turner curve (Lyon 1985) and final height from the achieved SDS or the regression of Lyon
- Achondroplasia – growth reference (CLARITY 2021)Z-scores for length/height, weight, head circumference and weight-for-height in achondroplasia (data up to 18 years)
Cerebral palsy 6
Topic page- Brooks GMFCS Level IWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, walks without limitation
- Brooks GMFCS Level IIWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, walks with limitations
- Brooks GMFCS Level IIIWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, walks with a hand-held mobility device
- Brooks GMFCS Level IVWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, limited self-mobility, wheelchair
- Brooks GMFCS Level V – without tube feedingWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, transported in a wheelchair, oral feeding
- Brooks GMFCS Level V – with tube feedingWeight, height and BMI in cerebral palsy, transported in a wheelchair, tube feeding
Anthropometry 14
Topic page- Abdel-Rahman MUAC (CDC)Upper arm circumference 2 months–18 years
- Mramba MUACUpper arm circumference 5–19 years
- WHO Arm CircumferenceUpper arm circumference 3 months–5 years per WHO 2006
- WHO Triceps SkinfoldTriceps skinfold thickness 3 months–5 years
- WHO Subscapular SkinfoldSubscapular skinfold thickness 3 months–5 years
- Addo Triceps Skinfold (CDC)Triceps skinfold 1.5–20 years
- Addo Subscapular Skinfold (CDC)Subscapular skinfold 1.5–20 years
- Addo Upper Arm Muscle AreaUpper arm muscle cross-section 1–20 years
- Addo Upper Arm Fat AreaUpper arm fat cross-section 1–20 years
- Waist circumference percentilesAge- and sex-specific classification of waist circumference (KiGGS, 11–18 years) with waist-to-height ratio
- Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR)Waist circumference ÷ height – 0.5 rule and KiGGS percentiles (11–18 years)
- Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)Waist circumference ÷ hip circumference – KiGGS percentiles (11–18 years) and WHO adult cut-offs
- Body fat from skinfolds (Slaughter)Body fat percentage from triceps and subscapular or calf skinfold according to Slaughter 1988, with KiGGS percentile (8–18 years)
- Skinfold sumTriceps plus subscapular skinfold with KiGGS percentiles (4 months–18 years) and individual percentiles
Medications & Dosing 18
Topic page- Body surface area (BSA)From height and weight according to Mosteller, DuBois and Haycock
- Syringe pump calculatorInfusion rate in ml/h from dose, weight and syringe concentration – or dose from infusion rate; unitless or with a stored preparation
- mg/kg single doseSingle dose from mg/kg and body weight – with volume and check against the maximum dose
- mg/kg/day → single dosesDaily dose from mg/kg/day and weight, divided into the doses per day – with volume per dose
- mg/m² body surface area doseDose from mg/m² and body surface area (Mosteller, DuBois, Haycock) from height and weight
- mg → ml dosing calculatorFrom dose in mg and preparation strength, the volume in ml (syrup, solution, ampule)
- ml → mg active ingredient calculatorFrom the volume administered and preparation strength, the amount of active ingredient – and mg/kg if the weight is known
- Daily dose → single doseDivide the daily dose into doses – single dose, interval, volume
- Concentration calculator (mg/ml or IU/ml)From amount of active ingredient and volume: mg/ml, µg/ml, percent and ratio 1:X
- Dilution calculatorC1 × V1 = C2 × V2 – stock solution and diluent for a target concentration
- Infusion/drop calculatorInfusion rate in ml/h and drops/min from volume and time – or duration from rate
- Amount of medication for the duration of therapyHow much syrup, solution or tablets are needed for the entire therapy – e.g. syrup for 7 days
- Ampoule/vial requirementHow many ampoules or vials a dose requires – with volume to draw up and wastage
- Maximum dose checkCheck the planned dose against the maximum dose per administration and per day – weight-based and absolute
- Epinephrine in anaphylaxis by weight0.01 mg/kg i.m. (max. 0.5 mg), auto-injector step 150/300/500 µg and fluid bolus per EAACI 2021 and AWMF 061-025
- PALS emergency medications by weightEpinephrine, amiodarone, lidocaine, adenosine, atropine, glucose, calcium, bicarbonate, magnesium – doses according to ERC 2025 and AHA 2025
- Local anesthetic maximum doseMaximum doses for bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, ropivacaine by technique (ESRA/ASRA 2018) – mg and ml per concentration
- Renal dose adjustmentDose or interval according to Dettli from GFR and extrarenal elimination fraction Q0
Fluids, electrolytes & acid-base 20
Topic page- Fluid calculatorHolliday-Segar maintenance requirement, 24-hour plan for dehydration and volume bolus by AWMF 068-003
- Urine output ml/kg/hFrom urine volume, weight and collection time – with the oliguria stages according to KDIGO (children and neonates)
- Fluid balanceIntake minus output over a period – with urine output in ml/kg/h and balance in % of body weight
- Free water deficitIn hypernatremia: water deficit from sodium, weight and total body water fraction, with correction limit
- Sodium deficitIn hyponatremia: sodium deficit, infusion volume according to Adrogué-Madias and correction limits of the guideline
- Corrected sodium in hyperglycemiaSodium according to Katz (1.6) and Hillier (2.4) per 100 mg/dl glucose above 100
- Sodium correction rateActual change in sodium from two measurements – compared with the guideline limits
- Potassium intake / potassium replacementMaintenance requirement and potassium replacement per kg by severity (SCHN 2025) and RCH Melbourne – with maximum rates and concentrations
- Bicarbonate deficitVolume of distribution × kg × (target − actual) – with selectable volume of distribution 0.3–0.5
- Serum osmolalityCalculates from sodium, glucose and urea/BUN – conventional or SI
- Effective osmolality (tonicity)2 × sodium + glucose – the osmotically effective osmolality without urea
- Osmolal GapMeasured minus calculated osmolality – with ethanol correction (Purssell 2001)
- Anion gapNa − (Cl + HCO₃), optionally with potassium – reference range according to Kraut & Madias
- Albumin-corrected Anion GapAG + 2.5 × (4.0 − albumin g/dl) according to Figge 1998
- Delta gapAnion gap minus 12 – rise in the anion gap relative to the reference value and comparison with the bicarbonate decrease
- Delta ratio(AG − 12) ÷ (24 − HCO₃) – assessment of mixed acid–base disorders
- Corrected calciumAlbumin-corrected total calcium according to Payne – mg/dl or mmol/l
- Winter's formulaExpected pCO₂ in metabolic acidosis: 1.5 × HCO₃ + 8 ± 2
- Acid-base compensation calculatorPrimary disorder from pH, pCO₂ and HCO₃ – expected compensation according to Berend 2014 and anion gap
- Fluid overload in percent in the intensive care unitCumulative balance since admission in % of admission weight: (intake − output in litres) ÷ kg × 100 – without fixed thresholds
Nephrology & urology 18
Topic page- Kidney length percentilesSonographic kidney length and kidney volume by age and sex as percentiles (Viteri 2025)
- eGFR (bedside Schwartz 2009)Estimated glomerular filtration rate from height and serum creatinine, with KDIGO categories
- eGFR by CKiD U25 (creatinine)Age- and sex-dependent creatinine equation for 1–25-year-olds with chronic kidney disease (Pierce 2021)
- eGFR by CKiD U25 (cystatin C)Cystatin C equation for 1–25-year-olds: eGFR = K / cystatin C with age- and sex-dependent K
- eGFR by CKiD U25 (creatinine + cystatin C)Mean of the creatinine and cystatin C estimates – the most accurate variant of the CKiD U25 equations
- FENa – fractional sodium excretionPrerenal (< 1 %) or intrinsic (≥ 3 %)? From sodium and creatinine in urine and serum
- FEUrea – fractional urea excretionMore reliable than FENa under diuretics: ≤ 35 % suggests prerenal kidney failure
- FEUA – fractional uric acid excretionIn hyponatremia: SIADH and salt loss show FEUA > 11 %; normal 4–11 %
- TRP – tubular phosphate reabsorptionFrom phosphate and creatinine in urine and serum – normal approximately 85–95 %
- TmP/GFR – renal phosphate thresholdAccording to Payne from TRP and serum phosphate, with reference range by age and sex (1–73 years)
- Protein/creatinine ratio in spot urineNormal ≤ 0.2 mg/mg (from 2 years) or ≤ 0.5 mg/mg (6–24 months); nephrotic ≥ 2 mg/mg
- Albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR)KDIGO albuminuria categories A1 (< 30 mg/g), A2 (30–300 mg/g), A3 (> 300 mg/g)
- Calcium/creatinine ratio in spot urineHypercalciuria screening with age-specific P95 values (Sargent 1993): < 7 months 0.86, 7–18 months 0.60, 19 months to 6 years 0.42, from 7 years 0.22 mg/mg
- Expected bladder capacity (EBC)ICCS formula 30 × (age + 1) ml with assessment of the maximum voided volume; Koff and Kaefer formulas for comparison
- pRIFLE – acute kidney injury in childrenRisk / Injury / Failure from the decline in estimated creatinine clearance and urine output (Akcan-Arikan 2007)
- KDIGO AKI stagesStage 1–3 based on creatinine rise (relative and absolute), urine output, renal replacement therapy and eGFR < 35 in children
- Urine output and fluid balanceml/kg/h with KDIGO oliguria stage and balance in ml, ml/kg and % of body weight
- Renal Angina Index (RAI): risk of severe kidney injury in the pediatric intensive care unitRisk × injury (fall in creatinine clearance or fluid overload) on the day of admission, 1–40 points; from 8 there is a risk of severe AKI on day 3 (Basu 2014)
Cardiology 16
Topic page- Blood pressure percentilesSystolic and diastolic by age, sex and height – KiGGS and AAP 2017
- Vital signs by ageHeart rate, respiratory rate and systolic blood pressure – acceptable ranges for unwell children (RCH Melbourne)
- QTc calculatorQT interval and heart rate → QTc according to Bazett, Fridericia, Hodges and Framingham, with pediatric reference values
- ECG reference valuesHeart rate, QTc and R amplitude in V6 by age and sex – reference work with classification of your own values
- Echo z-scoresZ-scores of echocardiographic measures from body surface area and measured value – Pettersen 2008 (21 structures), Kampmann 2000 (M-mode)
- Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)Mean arterial pressure from systolic and diastolic pressure
- Pulse pressureSystolic minus diastolic pressure – with proportion of the systolic pressure
- Fractional Shortening (FS)From LVEDD and LVESD – with Teichholz ejection fraction
- Ejection fractionFrom end-diastolic and end-systolic volume (Simpson) or from diameters (Teichholz)
- Cardiac Output (CO)Stroke volume × heart rate – from volumes or from Doppler (VTI × LVOT area)
- Cardiac Index (CI)Cardiac output per m² body surface area – with reference range for children
- Stroke Volume (SV)From EDV − ESV, from cardiac output ÷ heart rate or from Doppler
- Stroke Volume Index (SVI)Stroke volume per m² body surface area
- 24-h blood pressure (ABPM) – percentiles and classificationReference values by height or age (Wühl 2002) for 24 h, day and night; classification according to AHA 2022 including dipping
- Coronary artery z-score (Kawasaki syndrome)Z-score of the internal diameter of LMCA, LAD, LCx and RCA according to Dallaire 2011, McCrindle 2007 or Olivieri 2009 – with AHA 2017 classification
- Modified Ross score (heart failure)Sweating, tachypnea, respiration, age-related respiratory and heart rate, liver size – 0–12 points, classes I–IV
Pulmonology & Asthma 17
Topic page- Spirometry reference values (GLI)FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF25–75 and FEF75: predicted, LLN and z-score according to GLI-2012 and GLI global 2022
- PRAM score (asthma)Pediatric Respiratory Assessment Measure: severity of an acute asthma exacerbation, 0–12 points
- Westley Croup ScoreSeverity of a croup episode: consciousness, cyanosis, stridor, air entry, retractions, 0–17 points
- Bronchodilator ResponseChange in FEV1 and FVC after bronchodilation – ERS/ATS 2022 (> 10 % of predicted) and ATS/ERS 2005 (≥ 12 % and ≥ 200 ml)
- Pediatric Asthma Score (PAS)Respiratory rate, oxygen requirement, auscultation, retractions, dyspnea – 5–15 points (Kelly 2000)
- Pediatric Asthma Severity Score (PASS)Wheezing, work of breathing, prolonged expiration – 0–2 points each (Gorelick 2004)
- Respiratory Score for AsthmaRespiratory rate, retractions, dyspnea, auscultation – 1–12 points (Seattle Children's Asthma Pathway)
- Asthma Predictive Index (API)Major and minor criteria in young children with recurrent wheezing – prediction of asthma at school age (Castro-Rodríguez 2000)
- Modified Asthma Predictive Index (mAPI)≥ 4 wheezing episodes plus major/minor criteria including aeroallergen and food sensitization (Guilbert 2004)
- RDAI – Respiratory Distress Assessment InstrumentWheezing (expiration, inspiration, distribution) and retractions (supraclavicular, intercostal, subcostal) – 0–17 points
- Wang Bronchiolitis ScoreRespiratory rate, wheezing, retractions, general condition – 0–3 points each (Wang 1992)
- Oxygenation Index (OI)FiO₂ × mean airway pressure × 100 ÷ PaO₂ – PARDS severity according to PALICC-2 and PALICC 2015
- Oxygen Saturation Index (OSI)FiO₂ × mean airway pressure × 100 ÷ SpO₂ – non-invasive alternative to the OI (SpO₂ ≤ 97 %)
- PaO₂/FiO₂ ratioHorowitz index with PARDS criteria for children on noninvasive ventilation (PALICC-2)
- SpO₂/FiO₂ RatioPulse oximetry surrogate for the PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio (SpO₂ ≤ 97 %) with PARDS criteria
- Alveolar-arterial O₂ gradientPAO₂ − PaO₂ from FiO₂, barometric pressure, PaCO₂ and PaO₂ – with age-dependent expected value
- 6-minute walk test: predicted value for children (Switzerland, Ulrich 2013)Expected walking distance in 6 minutes for 5–16 years by age, height and weight; measured distance in % of the predicted value
Fever & infectious diseases 21
Topic page- McIsaac score (sore throat)Modified Centor score: probability of streptococcal pharyngitis, −1 to 5 points
- AAP UTI algorithm 2011 / Urinary tract infection risk in febrile infants (historical guideline)Urinary tract infection risk in children aged 2–24 months by the risk factors of the AAP 2011 guideline (withdrawn in 2021) – not identical to UTICalc (Shaikh 2018/2022)
- PECARN Febrile Infant RuleFebrile infants ≤ 60 days: urinalysis, neutrophils ≤ 4090/µl, procalcitonin ≤ 1.71 ng/ml → low risk (Kuppermann 2019)
- Step-by-Step Febrile InfantSequential risk assessment of febrile infants ≤ 90 days: appearance, age, urine, procalcitonin, CRP/neutrophils
- Rochester CriteriaLow-risk criteria for febrile infants ≤ 60 days (Jaskiewicz 1994)
- Philadelphia Criteria (historical)Historical low-risk criteria for febrile infants aged 29 to 56 days (Baker 1993) – now superseded by AAP 2021, PECARN and Step-by-Step
- Boston Criteria (historical)Historical criteria for outpatient treatment of febrile infants aged 28 to 89 days with ceftriaxone (Baskin 1992) – not a reliable exclusion
- Lab-ScoreProcalcitonin, CRP and urine dipstick in children aged 7 days to 36 months with fever without source – from 3 points serious bacterial infection more likely (Lacour 2008)
- Yale Observation Scale (YOS)Six observations in febrile children under 2 years, each 1, 3 or 5 points – above 10 points the child appears ill (McCarthy 1982)
- Melbourne RUPERT Score: oral or intravenous antibiotics for urinary tract infectionSix features, 1 point each, in children aged 12 months and older with a urinary tract infection – from 3 points consider intravenous antibiotics (Scanlan 2024)
- Pediatric SIRS & Sepsis Criteria (IPSCC 2005 – historical)Historical SIRS criteria of the consensus conference 2005 (temperature, heart and respiratory rate, leukocytes) – no longer recommended for the diagnosis of sepsis since Phoenix 2024
- Bacterial Meningitis ScoreGram stain, CSF neutrophils, CSF protein, blood neutrophils, seizure – very low risk at 0 points (Nigrovic)
- Kocher Criteria (septic arthritis of the hip)Fever, non-weight-bearing, ESR ≥ 40 mm/h, leukocytes > 12 000 – probability of septic arthritis 0.2 to 99.6 %
- Caird CriteriaKocher criteria plus CRP > 2.0 mg/dl – septic arthritis with 3/4/5 factors 83/93/98 % (Caird 2006)
- Kawasaki diagnostic criteria (AHA 2017/2024)Fever ≥ 4 days plus ≥ 4 principal criteria (AHA 2024); algorithm for incomplete Kawasaki disease with CRP/ESR and laboratory criteria
- BRUE Risk ClassificationBrief Resolved Unexplained Event: definition and the seven low-risk criteria of the AAP 2016
- BRUE 2.0 / Risk after a BRUE: serious underlying diagnosis and event recurrenceTwo logistic models after a BRUE (Nama 2022): risk of a serious underlying diagnosis and of event recurrence, with the results of the Canadian validation 2024
- Feverkidstool / Risk of pneumonia and other serious bacterial infections in fever (Nijman 2013)Polytomous model of age, sex, temperature, fever duration, vital signs, overall impression and CRP: Risk of pneumonia und einer anderen schweren bakteriellen Infektion bei Kindern von 1 Monat bis 15 Jahren mit Fieber
- Rule of 7s for Lyme MeningitisHeadache < 7 days, < 70 % mononuclear CSF cells, no cranial nerve palsy → low risk of Lyme meningitis
- Tonsillectomy for recurrent tonsillitis: number of episodes per S3 guideline 017/024 and Paradise criteriaCount the physician-documented tonsillitis episodes of the last 1 to 3 years: from 7 in 12 months, 5 per year in 2 years or 3 per year in 3 years tonsillectomy is superior
- Phoenix Sepsis ScoreInternational sepsis criteria 2024: respiration, circulation, coagulation, neurology – sepsis from 2 points, shock with cardiovascular points
Emergency & intensive care medicine 27
Topic page- Glasgow Coma Scale (from 2 years)Eye opening, verbal and motor response – total 3–15, E V M documented individually
- Glasgow Coma Scale (under 2 years)Modified GCS for infants and young children according to AWMF 024-018 – sum 3–15
- PEWS – Pediatric Early Warning Score (Brighton)Behavior, circulation, respiration 0–3 points each plus additional points – early warning score according to Monaghan 2005
- Bedside PEWS (Parshuram)Seven items with age-dependent thresholds for heart rate, respiratory rate and blood pressure – 0–26 points, threshold 8
- Pediatric Trauma Score (PTS)Weight, airway, blood pressure, consciousness, wound, skeleton – each +2/+1/−1, total −6 to +12
- Pediatric BIG ScoreBase deficit + 2.5 × INR + (15 − GCS) – mortality after trauma (Borgman 2011)
- SIPA – Shock Index Pediatric Age-AdjustedHeart rate ÷ systolic blood pressure with age-dependent cutoffs 1.22 / 1.0 / 0.9 (Acker 2015)
- Shock IndexHeart rate ÷ systolic blood pressure – with age-adjusted classification (SIPA) in 4–16-year-olds
- GCS-Pupils ScoreGlasgow Coma Scale minus number of non-reactive pupils – extended severity index (Brennan 2018)
- pSOFAPediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: six organ systems, 0–4 points each, with age-dependent MAP and creatinine thresholds
- PELOD-2Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction Score 2: ten variables from five organ systems, 0–33 points, with mortality model
- PIM 3 – Paediatric Index of Mortality 3Probability of death on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (Straney 2013)
- PRISM IIIPediatric Risk of Mortality III: 17 physiological variables with age-dependent limits, 0–74 points
- Vasoactive-Inotropic Score (VIS)Dopamine + dobutamine + 100 × epinephrine + 100 × norepinephrine + 10 × milrinone + 10 000 × vasopressin
- Lund-Browder burn areaBurned body surface area in % by region and age (AWMF 006-128, appendix) – with fluid requirement
- Pediatric Burn TBSABurned body surface area in % from the palm rule or direct estimate – with classification according to AWMF 006-128
- Pediatric burn fluid calculationModified Parkland formula for children (3–4 ml/kg per % TBSA burned) plus maintenance requirement according to AWMF 006-128
- ETT size / tube size by age and weightTube internal diameter uncuffed (Cole) and cuffed (Khine, Motoyama) with insertion depth
- ETT depth / tube depthInsertion depth from the lip: 3 × inner diameter, age/2 + 12 and Tochen formula for newborns
- Laryngeal mask sizeLaryngeal mask size by body weight and product (LMA Supreme or i-gel, manufacturer's information)
- Weight estimation by body length and ageWeight from length via the median of the WHO/CDC references; APLS age formulas for comparison
- Defibrillation energy by weightJoules for defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion according to ERC 2025 and AHA 2025
- TWIST ScoreFive findings in acute scrotum – risk of testicular torsion low (0–2), intermediate (3–4) or high (5–7) according to Barbosa 2013
- TEN-4-FACESp Bruising Clinical Decision RuleBruises in children under 4 years: location, age under 5 months and pattern – screening test for possible abuse (Pierce 2021)
- Paracetamol poisoning: nomogram lineSerum paracetamol 4–24 hours after a single ingestion: at or above the treatment line 150 mg/l or the UK line 100 mg/l?
- Iron poisoning: triage by mg/kgElemental iron in mg/kg from number of pieces and iron content – from 40 mg/kg have it assessed medically (AAPCC guideline 2005)
- PCPC and POPC: cerebral performance and overall condition after intensive carePediatric Cerebral / Overall Performance Category (Fiser 1992): level 1–6 before the illness and at discharge, change (delta)
Gastroenterology & Hepatology 21
Topic page- Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS)Eight criteria from history, examination, and blood count, 0–10 points, thresholds according to Samuel 2002
- pARC – Pediatric Appendicitis Risk CalculatorProbability of appendicitis (5–18 years) from sex, age, duration of pain, findings and neutrophil count (Kharbanda 2018)
- Alvarado score (MANTRELS)Eight items (0–10 points) for the likelihood of acute appendicitis – 5–6 compatible, 7–8 probable, 9–10 very probable
- PUCAI – Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity IndexSix clinical items (0–85 points): remission < 10, mild 10–34, moderate 35–64, severe ≥ 65
- PCDAI – Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity IndexEleven items from history, examination and laboratory (0–100 points) with the cutoffs according to Turner 2010
- wPCDAI – weighted PCDAIEight weighted items without growth, abdominal findings, and hematocrit (0–125 points; Turner 2012)
- PELD score (2002)Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease from bilirubin, INR, albumin, age < 1 year and growth failure (McDiarmid 2002)
- PELD-Cr (OPTN 2023)Current PELD with creatinine, continuous age, and growth z-score (Hsu 2021; OPTN since July 13, 2023)
- Stool Osmotic Gap290 − 2 × (Na + K) in stool water: > 125 osmotic, < 50 secretory
- Clinical Dehydration Scale (CDS)General condition, eyes, mucous membranes, tears (0–8 points) in gastroenteritis from 1 month to 5 years
- DHAKA Dehydration ScoreGeneral condition, respiration, skin turgor, tears (0–12 points) in children under 5 years with diarrhea (Levine 2015)
- NIRUDAK – dehydration from age 5 yearsProbability of no, mild and severe dehydration in diarrhea from 5 years of age – simplified (3 signs) or full model (Levine 2021)
- Rome IV criteria: functional constipationCriteria for infants and toddlers under 4 years (Benninga 2016) and for children from 4 years (Hyams 2016)
- Rome IV criteria: infant regurgitationRegurgitation ≥ 2 times daily for ≥ 3 weeks without warning signs in healthy infants aged 3 weeks to 12 months
- Rome IV criteria: infant dyscheziaAt least 10 minutes of straining and crying before soft stool in healthy infants under 9 months
- Rome IV criteria: infant colicExcessive crying in infants: clinical criteria G4 without an hour limit, on request the criteria for studies (rule of three), Benninga 2016
- Rome IV criteria: rumination, cyclic vomiting and functional diarrhea in infants and toddlersInfant rumination (G2), cyclic vomiting (G3) and functional diarrhea or toddler's diarrhea (G5) per Benninga 2016
- Rome IV criteria: nausea, vomiting, rumination and aerophagia in children and adolescentsCyclic vomiting (H1a), functional nausea (H1b1), functional vomiting (H1b2), rumination syndrome (H1c) and aerophagia (H1d) according to Hyams 2016
- Rome IV criteria: functional abdominal pain in children and adolescentsFunctional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine and FAP-NOS in one pass (Hyams 2016)
- Rome IV criteria: non-retentive fecal incontinenceFecal incontinence without fecal retention from a developmental age of 4 years for at least 1 month (H3b, Hyams 2016)
- Celiac disease: diagnosis without biopsy in children and adolescentsChecks whether, according to the S2k guideline 2021 and ESPGHAN 2020, a diagnosis of celiac disease without biopsy is possible: tTG-IgA from 10 times the cutoff, EMA-IgA in a second blood sample, counseling; with IgA deficiency always biopsy
Endocrinology & Diabetology 14
Topic page- HOMA-IRInsulin resistance from fasting glucose and insulin – study-specific cut-offs for obese children by pubertal status and sex (Kurtoğlu 2010, Keskin 2005); no universal threshold
- QUICKI – Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index1 / (log insulin + log glucose) – lower values indicate lower insulin sensitivity (Katz 2000)
- HbA1c ↔ mmol/mol ↔ estimated average glucose (eAG)Conversion of HbA1c (NGSP %) in IFCC (mmol/mol) and estimated average glucose (eAG, ADAG regression formula)
- Total daily insulin dose according to ISPADExpected daily dose by weight and phase (remission < 0.5, prepubertal 0.7–1.0, puberty 1–2 IU/kg/day) with basal fraction
- Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (500 rule)Grams of carbohydrate per IU of bolus insulin = 500 / daily dose (young children 330 or 250) – with conversion to IU per bread unit
- Insulin correction factor (1800/100 rule)Blood glucose reduction per IU of rapid-acting insulin = 1800 / daily dose (mg/dl) or 100 / daily dose (mmol/l)
- Correction bolus(Current blood glucose − target value) / correction factor – enter the correction factor from the daily dose or directly
- Meal bolus (carbohydrates)Bolus = carbohydrates / carbohydrate factor, optionally plus correction bolus
- Calcium-phosphate productCa × P in mg²/dl² and mmol²/l² – KDOQI target values < 65 (up to 12 years) or < 55 (over 12 years) with KDIGO caveat
- Free androgen index (FAI)Testosterone / SHBG × 100 – guide values for girls aged 12–21 years (< 3.45 healthy, > 6.15 suspected PCOS; Sağsak 2021)
- Levothyroxine Starting Dose in Congenital HypothyroidismStarting dose of L-thyroxine for newborns with congenital hypothyroidism by pretreatment fT4 (ESPE/ENDO-ERN 2020–2021)
- Hydrocortisone: emergency and stress dose in childrenHydrocortisone in adrenal crisis, on sick days and during surgery – selectable according to BSPED 2023 or Austria 2022
- Glucocorticoids: convert equivalent dosesConvert hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone and others into one another (ESE/ES 2024; dexamethasone with both source values)
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: fluid and insulinDKA in children: deficit by pH, maintenance, hourly rate over 48 h, insulin 0.05–0.1 U/kg/h and cerebral edema therapy according to BSPED 2021
Hematology & Oncology 16
Topic page- Absolute neutrophil count (ANC)From leukocytes and the proportion of segmented and band neutrophils – neutropenia grades (classic and CTCAE v5.0)
- Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC)From leukocytes and lymphocyte proportion – age-related reference values (Comans-Bitter 1997) and CTCAE grades
- Absolute eosinophil count (AEC)From leukocytes and eosinophil proportion – mild, moderate and severe eosinophilia
- Absolute and corrected reticulocyte countReticulocytes in ‰ or % → absolute count and correction for hematocrit (reticulocyte index)
- Reticulocyte production index (RPI)Corrected reticulocyte count divided by the hematocrit-dependent maturation time – < 2 hypoproliferative, > 3 adequate response
- Mentzer indexMCV / red blood cell count: > 13 iron deficiency, < 13 thalassemia – screening in microcytic anemia
- Transferrin saturationSerum iron / iron-binding capacity (or transferrin × 1.41) × 100 – with CALIPER reference intervals by age
- Ganzoni formula – cumulative iron requirementWeight × (target Hb − actual Hb) × 2.4 + iron stores; pediatric < 35 kg target 13 g/dl and 15 mg/kg stores
- Blood volume by ageEstimated circulating blood volume (ml/kg by age group) and maximum tolerable blood loss
- Packed red cell transfusion volumeVolume for a desired Hb increase according to BSH 2016 (factor 3–5), Davies 2007 (3/Hct), and the German Medical Association (Bundesärztekammer) (3 ml/kg per g/dl)
- Expected Hb rise after transfusionFrom volume and weight: German Medical Association (1 g/dl per 3 ml/kg), Davies (ml/kg × Hct / 3) and BSH inverse formula
- Platelet transfusion – dose and CCI10–20 ml/kg below 15 kg, from 15 kg one apheresis concentrate (BSH 2016); response monitoring with the corrected count increment (CCI)
- Tumor lysis syndrome according to Cairo-Bishop (modified by Howard 2011)Laboratory TLS: at least two of uric acid ≥ 8 mg/dl, potassium ≥ 6 mmol/l, phosphate ≥ 6.5 mg/dl (children), calcium ≤ 7 mg/dl – clinical TLS with creatinine, arrhythmia, seizure
- Fever and neutropenia – risk score (SPOG 2010)Four weighted variables (chemotherapy, Hb, leukocytes, platelets), collected at reassessment after 8–24 hours – from 9 points increased risk of serious complications; with Rackoff classification
- ISTH DIC scorePlatelets, fibrin markers, prothrombin time, fibrinogen (0–8 points) – ≥ 5 compatible with overt DIC (Taylor 2001)
- Anemia according to WHO 2024: hemoglobin cut-offs for children and adolescentsHemoglobin threshold and severity by age, sex and altitude of residence, 6 months to 17 years (WHO guideline 2024)
Neurology & pain 17
Topic page- FLACC pain scaleFace, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability – observer-rated pain, 0–10 points
- PedMIDAS – migraine disabilitySix questions on missed and restricted days in the last 3 months – grading 0–10 / 11–30 / 31–50 / > 50
- Corrected phenytoin levelCorrect total level in hypoalbuminemia by Sheiner-Tozer (with variant for renal insufficiency)
- PECARN Pediatric Head Injury RuleRisk of clinically important brain injury after mild traumatic brain injury (GCS 14–15) – under and from 2 years
- Infant Scalp Score / scalp hematoma score in infantsAge, hematoma size, and location in infants with isolated cephalohematoma – risk of brain injury (Schutzman 2021)
- PECARN Pediatric Intra-Abdominal Injury RuleSeven features after blunt torso trauma – with no feature, very low risk of an intra-abdominal injury requiring intervention
- PECARN C-Spine Imaging RuleHigh- and intermediate-risk factors for cervical spine injury after blunt trauma (Leonard 2024)
- CATCH & CATCH2 Head Injury RuleCanadian CT rule for mild traumatic brain injury: four high-risk and three (CATCH2: four) medium-risk factors
- CHALICE Head Injury Rule14 criteria from history, examination, and mechanism – one criterion met favors a CT (Dunning 2006)
- Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS)15 items of the NIH Stroke Scale with pediatric adaptations (Ichord 2004/2011), total 0–42 (infant scheme 0–44)
- CHEOPS pain scorePostoperative pain in children aged 1–7 years: crying, face, verbalization, torso, touching the wound, legs – 4–13 points
- BOPS – Behavioral Observational Pain ScaleFacial expression, verbalization, body posture 0–2 points each – analgesia from 3 points (Hesselgard 2007)
- Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS)Skin findings, age, head circumference and hemoglobin in well-appearing infants with a suspicious symptom – from 2 points consider imaging of the head (Berger 2016)
- KUSS: Child Discomfort and Pain Scale according to BüttnerObserver-rated scale after surgery in non-ventilated children up to 4 completed years of age: crying, face, trunk, legs, restlessness each 0–2, pain treatment from 4 points
- NIPS: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (pain scale for newborns)Newborns: face, cry, breathing, arms, legs, arousal, 0–7 points; levels no, mild, moderate, severe pain
- CRIES: pain scale for newborns after surgeryCrying, oxygen requirement, vital signs, facial expression, sleep each 0–2, total 0–10 (Krechel 1995) – without a threshold for pain therapy
- 5P score / Risk of persistent symptoms after concussion9 features in the emergency department (5 to 17 years, up to 48 hours after the injury) – 0 to 12 points, risk of persistent symptoms after 28 days (Zemek 2016)
Allergology & Dermatology 6
Topic page- SCORAD – atopic dermatitisExtent (A), intensity (B) and subjective symptoms (C): A/5 + 7B/2 + C, 0–103
- EASI – Eczema Area and Severity IndexFour regions × area score × signs (erythema, infiltration, excoriation, lichenification), 0–72; multipliers for children under 8 years
- POEM – Patient-Oriented Eczema MeasureSeven questions about the past week (each 0–4), 0–28 points with severity bands according to Charman 2013
- UAS7 – Urticaria Activity ScoreWheals and itch daily, each 0–3 over 7 days, total 0–42 with activity bands
- Anaphylaxis epinephrine dose calculatorEpinephrine i.m. 0.01 mg/kg (max. 0.5 mg) and auto-injector strength by weight (EAACI 2021, AWMF 061-025)
- CoMiSS: indication of cow’s milk-related symptoms in infantsCow's Milk-related Symptom Score, version 2022: crying, regurgitation, stool, skin, airways, 0–33 points; from 10 points an indication, not a diagnosis (healthy infants up to 6 months)
Rheumatology 4
Topic page- JADAS – Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity ScorePhysician and patient global assessment, active joints (10/27/71) and normalized ESR or CRP – activity levels according to ACR 2021 (JADAS10) or Consolaro (JADAS27)
- cJADAS – clinical JADASJADAS without laboratory value: physician and patient global assessment plus active joints – levels for cJADAS10 according to ACR 2021 or Consolaro 2014
- SLEDAI-2K24 weighted descriptors (8/4/2/1) of lupus activity in the last 10 days (Gladman 2002)
- Revised Jones Criteria 2015 / Jones criteria 2015 for acute rheumatic feverMajor and minor criteria of acute rheumatic fever according to AHA 2015, separately for populations at low and at moderate/high risk
Orthopedics 6
Topic page- Leg length discrepancy at skeletal maturity (multiplier method)Prognosis of leg length discrepancy according to Paley: congenital Δ × M, after growth arrest of one physis Δ + remaining growth
- Epiphysiodesis – timingArithmetic method (Menelaus/White: 9.5 mm/year distal femur, 6.4 mm/year proximal tibia) and multiplier method
- Cobb angle – classificationSeverity per SOSORT 2016 and treatment thresholds of the AWMF guideline 151/002 (thoracic vs. thoracolumbar/lumbar)
- Amsterdam Pediatric Wrist Rules: radiography after wrist injury in childrenAge and 5 findings after wrist injury (3 to 17 years) – probability of a fracture of the distal forearm, X-ray from 23 % (Slaar 2016)
- Hip ultrasound according to Graf: main group from the α angleAssigns the α angle of the infant hip to a main group according to Graf: type I from 60°, type IIa/IIb 50–59°, below that IIc, D, III or IV – without β angle and subtypes
- Beighton Score for joint hypermobilityFive mobility tests, 0 to 9 points – indication of generalized joint hypermobility (Beighton 1973, thresholds according to the EDS classification 2017)
Nutrition 19
Topic page- Parenteral Nutrition CalculatorFluid, glucose, amino acids, lipids → composition, GIR, energy, osmolarity
- Glucose Infusion Rate (GIR)mg/kg/min from concentration and infusion rate – or vice versa
- PN OsmolarityEstimated osmolarity of a parenteral solution (Pereira-da-Silva 2004)
- Amino-Acid Intakeg/kg/day from concentration and volume
- Lipid Intakeg/kg/day from emulsion and volume
- Dextrose IntakeGlucose intake g/kg/day and GIR
- Fluid intake volumes (D-A-CH guide values)Guideline values for beverages and total water intake by age, with classification of a daily amount
- Energy requirement (D-A-CH reference values)Guideline values for energy intake from infancy to adolescence by sex and PAL
- Basal metabolic rate by SchofieldBMR from weight (and, from 10 to under 60 years, optionally height) according to Schofield 1985 / FAO 2004 – with total energy expenditure according to PAL
- Energy requirement according to FAO/WHO/UNU 2004Total energy expenditure from weight (infants linear, 1–18 years quadratic) plus growth – and comparison with the requirement per kg
- Energy intake in kcal/kg/dayActual intake per kg from food or infusion – compared with the requirement according to FAO 2004 and ESPGHAN (preterm infants)
- Protein intake in g/kg/dayActual protein intake per kg compared with the D-A-CH reference values by age
- Enteral volume for the energy requirementRequired feed volume (ml/day, ml/kg/day, per meal) for a target energy from the energy density of the feed
- Feeding volume per mealDaily feeding volume from ml/kg (or Finkelstein rule in the first days of life) divided by the number of meals
- Caloric density and energy intakekcal/100 ml of a formula ↔ energy intake in kcal/kg/day at a given volume – EU limits for infant formula
- Breast milk fortification (fortifier)Energy and protein intake with BEBA FM 85 or Aptamil FMS (4 g/100 ml) for a given volume
- Nitrogen balanceIntake (protein/6.25) minus losses – adult formula (+ 4 g) or pediatric formula in mg/kg (urea N × 1.25 + 75 mg/kg)
- Percentage weight lossNewborns: loss from birth weight with ABM thresholds (8–10 % from day 5); children 2–20 years: AND/ASPEN criteria (5 / 7.5 / 10 %)
- Vitamin D prophylaxis in infants (D, CH, A)Recommended vitamin D amount for infants in Germany and Switzerland, preterm infants under 1500 g, conversion IU ↔ µg (1 µg = 40 IU)
Laboratory & Conversions 10
Topic page- mg/dl ↔ mmol/lGlucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, phosphate, magnesium, urea, lactate
- µmol/l ↔ mg/dlCreatinine, bilirubin, uric acid, iron, ammonia, lead, drug levels
- Laboratory SI unit converterAll stored analytes: conventional unit ↔ SI unit
- mEq ↔ mmol ↔ mgMilliequivalents, millimoles and milligrams for sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, bicarbonate
- kg ↔ lbKilograms to pounds and ounces and back
- cm ↔ inchCentimeters to inches and feet and back
- °C ↔ °FConvert body temperature between Celsius and Fahrenheit
- LDL cholesterol according to FriedewaldLDL from total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides – with the NHLBI cutoffs for children
- Non-HDL cholesterolTotal cholesterol minus HDL – screening parameter even without fasting
- BUN/Creatinine RatioUrea nitrogen to creatinine – also from urea in mg/dl or mmol/l
Development & Preventive Care 3
Topic page- Developmental quotient (DQ)Developmental age / chronological age × 100 – ≤ 70 marked delay, > 70 to < 85 borderline, ≥ 85 age-appropriate
- Vaccination interval – earliest date of the next doseMinimum interval to the next dose according to the Austrian immunization schedule 2026/2027, with maximum age (rotavirus) and live vaccine rule
- Catch-up vaccination schedule (Austrian immunization schedule)Missing doses of the standard vaccinations by age group (1 to under 5, 5 to under 18, from 18 years) based on documented vaccinations – with STIKO note
Universal calculators 3
Topic pageGrowth trajectories 4
Topic page- Longitudinal Growth PlotMultiple measurement points of a child over time on each reference curve
- WHO 0–5 years – growth trajectoryWeight, length/height, head circumference and BMI of a child over time on the WHO curves
- CDC 0–36 months – growth trajectoryWeight, length and head circumference over time on the CDC 2000 curves
- CDC 2–20 years – growth trajectoryWeight, height and BMI over time on the CDC 2000 curves
Z-score & percentile 4
Topic page- Gestational age weeks ↔ days32+4 → 228 days and back; weeks as decimals
- Z-score → measured valueCalculate the measurement from z-score, age and reference curve
- Measured value → z-scoreCalculate the z-score from measurement, age and reference curve
- Z-score ↔ percentileConvert z-score to percentile and back (standard normal distribution)