This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
Endocrinology & Diabetology
14 calculators · HOMA-IR, QUICKI, HbA1c/eAG, insulin factors, calcium-phosphate, androgen index
Here you will find pediatric calculators for diabetes, insulin resistance and metabolism: HOMA-IR and QUICKI (Katz 2000) for insulin sensitivity, the conversion of HbA1c to mmol/mol and estimated average glucose, as well as calculators for the total daily insulin dose according to ISPAD, the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (500 rule), the correction factor (1800/100 rule), correction bolus and meal bolus. Also included are the calcium-phosphate product with KDOQI target values and the Free Androgen Index. They are intended for dose planning and evaluation in everyday practice. Each calculator states its formula and sources.
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HOMA-IR
Insulin resistance from fasting glucose and insulin – study-specific cut-offs for obese children by pubertal status and sex (Kurtoğlu 2010, Keskin 2005); no universal threshold -
QUICKI – Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index
1 / (log insulin + log glucose) – lower values indicate lower insulin sensitivity (Katz 2000) -
HbA1c ↔ mmol/mol ↔ estimated average glucose (eAG)
Conversion of HbA1c (NGSP %) in IFCC (mmol/mol) and estimated average glucose (eAG, ADAG regression formula) -
Total daily insulin dose according to ISPAD
Expected daily dose by weight and phase (remission < 0.5, prepubertal 0.7–1.0, puberty 1–2 IU/kg/day) with basal fraction -
Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio (500 rule)
Grams of carbohydrate per IU of bolus insulin = 500 / daily dose (young children 330 or 250) – with conversion to IU per bread unit -
Insulin correction factor (1800/100 rule)
Blood glucose reduction per IU of rapid-acting insulin = 1800 / daily dose (mg/dl) or 100 / daily dose (mmol/l) -
Correction bolus
(Current blood glucose − target value) / correction factor – enter the correction factor from the daily dose or directly -
Meal bolus (carbohydrates)
Bolus = carbohydrates / carbohydrate factor, optionally plus correction bolus -
Calcium-phosphate product
Ca × P in mg²/dl² and mmol²/l² – KDOQI target values < 65 (up to 12 years) or < 55 (over 12 years) with KDIGO caveat -
Free androgen index (FAI)
Testosterone / SHBG × 100 – guide values for girls aged 12–21 years (< 3.45 healthy, > 6.15 suspected PCOS; Sağsak 2021) -
Levothyroxine Starting Dose in Congenital Hypothyroidism
Starting dose of L-thyroxine for newborns with congenital hypothyroidism by pretreatment fT4 (ESPE/ENDO-ERN 2020–2021) -
Hydrocortisone: emergency and stress dose in children
Hydrocortisone in adrenal crisis, on sick days and during surgery – selectable according to BSPED 2023 or Austria 2022 -
Glucocorticoids: convert equivalent doses
Convert hydrocortisone, prednisolone, methylprednisolone, dexamethasone and others into one another (ESE/ES 2024; dexamethasone with both source values) -
Diabetic ketoacidosis: fluid and insulin
DKA in children: deficit by pH, maintenance, hourly rate over 48 h, insulin 0.05–0.1 U/kg/h and cerebral edema therapy according to BSPED 2021
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate the insulin-to-carbohydrate ratio in children?
The Insulin-to-Carbohydrate Ratio (500 rule) calculator determines the grams of carbohydrate per unit of bolus insulin as 500 divided by the daily dose, in young children using 330 or 250, and converts this to units per carbohydrate exchange.
What is the expected daily insulin dose according to ISPAD?
The total daily insulin dose according to ISPAD depends on weight and phase: in remission below 0.5, prepubertal 0.7–1.0 and in puberty 1–2 IU/kg/day. From this, the calculator provides the expected daily dose.
How do I convert HbA1c to mmol/mol?
The HbA1c ↔ mmol/mol ↔ eAG calculator converts HbA1c (NGSP %) to IFCC (mmol/mol) and estimates the average glucose value (eAG) with the ADAG regression formula. The calculator gives the formula and source on its page.