This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
Neonatology
18 calculators · APGAR, Ballard, Silverman, SNAP-II, CRIB II, nSOFA, Finnegan, early-onset sepsis risk, fluid and energy requirements
Here you will find scores and calculators for neonatal care. Included are APGAR, the New Ballard Score (Ballard 1991), the Silverman-Andersen and Downes scores for work of breathing, the severity scores SNAP-II and SNAPPE-II (Richardson 2001), CRIB II, nSOFA (Wynn and Polin 2020) and the Finnegan score for neonatal abstinence syndrome. They are complemented by the early-onset sepsis calculator for newborns from 34 weeks (Puopolo 2011, Escobar 2014) and calculators for fluid and energy requirements according to ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN 2018. Each calculator states its formula and sources and points out the limits of its application.
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APGAR score
Skin color, heart rate, reflexes, muscle tone, respiration – 0–10 points at 1, 5 and 10 minutes -
New Ballard Score
Gestational age from neuromuscular and physical maturity (Ballard 1991), 20–44 weeks -
Silverman-Andersen score
Work of breathing in the newborn: chest movement, retractions, nasal flaring, grunting – 0–10 points -
Downes Respiratory Distress Score
Respiratory rate, cyanosis, retractions, grunting, breath sounds – neonatal RDS score 0–10 -
SNAP-II
Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology II: six physiological variables of the first 12 hours, 0–115 points -
SNAPPE-II
SNAP-II plus birth weight, SGA and 5-minute Apgar – mortality risk, 0–162 points -
CRIB II – partial scores (no total score)
Clinical Risk Index for Babies II in preterm infants ≤ 32 weeks – gestational age × birth weight matrix not freely available -
nSOFA
Neonatal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment: ventilation/SpO₂-FiO₂, inotropes and steroids, platelets – 0–15 points -
Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Score
Modified Finnegan sheet: 21 neonatal withdrawal signs; treatment thresholds are protocol-dependent -
Neonatal fluid requirement
ml/kg/day by day of life and maturity or birth weight (ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN 2018) -
Parenteral energy requirement – preterm infants to adolescents
kcal/kg/day by disease phase for preterm infants, infants and children (ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN 2018) -
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy: modified Sarnat stages and cooling criteria (NICHD)
Newborns from 36 weeks: grade of encephalopathy according to the 6 categories of the modified Sarnat criteria and check of the NICHD criteria for therapeutic hypothermia -
Thompson score in neonatal encephalopathy
9 clinical signs of encephalopathy in the newborn, total 0–22; total only, without severity grades (not confirmed in the original) -
Hypoglycemia in newborns: cut-off values and initial treatment
Classify the newborn’s blood glucose according to Pädiatrie Schweiz 2021 (standard), AAP 2011 or PES 2015 – with dextrose gel, supplemental feeding and i.v. dose, as far as the chosen guideline specifies them -
Eat, Sleep, Console (ESC) in neonatal opioid withdrawal
Decision aid without score: Can the child eat, sleep and be consoled? From this follows a discussion with the parents or a team meeting (Grossman 2017, ESC-NOW 2023) -
Partial exchange transfusion for polycythemia of the newborn
Exchange volume = blood volume × (hematocrit − target hematocrit) ÷ hematocrit, target usually 55 % (Cochrane 2010); blood volume from the Blood volume calculator -
BIND-M: signs of acute bilirubin encephalopathy
Modified BIND score in neonatal jaundice: Consciousness, muscle tone, crying, eye movements, 0–12 points; from 3 points encephalopathy likely (validated only in Nigeria) -
Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator / Early-onset sepsis risk in newborns ≥ 34 weeks
Original model (Puopolo 2011/Escobar 2014), from 34 0/7 weeks: risk per 1 000 live births from gestational age, maternal temperature, duration of rupture of membranes, GBS status and antibiotics – updated with the clinical presentation; not the 2024 Kaiser model
Frequently asked questions
How do I calculate the risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns?
The Early-Onset Sepsis calculator estimates the risk per 1 000 live births from 34 0/7 weeks based on gestational age, maternal temperature, duration of rupture of membranes, GBS status and antibiotics. It uses the original model by Puopolo 2011 and Escobar 2014, not the Kaiser model 2024.
How much fluid does a newborn need per day?
The Neonatal Fluid Requirement calculator gives ml/kg/day by day of life and group (term infants, preterm infants over 1500 g, 1000–1500 g, under 1000 g) according to the ESPGHAN/ESPEN/ESPR/CSPEN guideline 2018, as well as ml/day and ml/h for the entered weight.
How is the APGAR score interpreted?
The APGAR score assigns 0–2 points to each of five signs, and the total is 0–10. The calculator classifies the 5-minute score according to AAP/ACOG: 7–10 reassuring, 4–6 moderately abnormal, 0–3 low, and provides a documentation text.