This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.

Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator / Early-onset sepsis risk in newborns ≥ 34 weeks

Original model (Puopolo 2011/Escobar 2014), from 34 0/7 weeks: risk per 1 000 live births from gestational age, maternal temperature, duration of rupture of membranes, GBS status and antibiotics – updated with the clinical presentation; not the 2024 Kaiser model

Model

Regional EOS incidence

Mother and birth

Gestational age – weeks

Gestational age – days

Highest maternal temperature during labor

Duration from rupture of membranes to birth (h)

Maternal GBS status

Antibiotics during labor

Child

Clinical picture of the child

Calculation aid for healthcare professionals: the calculator reproduces what the sources cited assign to the inputs. Clinical assessment and every treatment decision remain with the treating physician. Inputs and results are not stored.

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Sources

Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors (Pediatrics 128:e1155–e1163) Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, Newman TB, Zupancic J, Lieberman E, Smith M, Escobar GJ, 2011. Original paper (full text read; Tables 4 and 5)
Stratification of risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns ≥ 34 weeks' gestation (Pediatrics 133:30–36) Escobar GJ, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al., 2014. Original paper (full text read; likelihood ratios)
A quantitative, risk-based approach to the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis (JAMA Pediatr 171:365–371) Kuzniewicz MW, Puopolo KM, Fischer A, et al., 2017. Original paper (thresholds 1 and 3 per 1 000)
Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator – EMR Implementation FAQ (raw equation, coefficients, intercepts, recommendation matrix) Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2021. Implementation guide from the provider (read; corrects the sign of the GBS-unknown coefficient; documented locally under data/quellen/eos_kaiser/)
Update to the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator Utilizing a Contemporary Cohort (Pediatrics 154(4)) Kuzniewicz MW, Escobar GJ, Forquer H, et al., 2024. Original article (abstract read; updated model, cohort 2010–2020, ≥ 35 weeks)
2024 EOS Calculator Model Update – FAQ Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2024. Provider's explanation (read)

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Note

Calculation aid for healthcare professionals. Clinical assessment remains with the treating physician.

Review date of the German original: 2026-11-05 · Methodology

Frequently asked questions

Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator / Early-onset sepsis risk in newborns ≥ 34 weeks: What does this calculator compute?

Calculates the risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns from 34 weeks with the model of Puopolo 2011 (maternal risk factors) and Escobar 2014 (clinical presentation as likelihood ratio), as used by the Kaiser Permanente calculator until 2024 (original model), and gives the recommendations on blood culture, antibiotics and monitoring (Kuzniewicz 2017). The Kaiser model updated in 2024 (Kuzniewicz 2024) applies only from 35 weeks and rates antibiotic administration differently; its results may differ.

Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator / Early-onset sepsis risk in newborns ≥ 34 weeks: Which sources is this calculator based on?

Puopolo KM, Draper D, Wi S, Newman TB, Zupancic J, Lieberman E, Smith M, Escobar GJ: Estimating the probability of neonatal early-onset infection on the basis of maternal risk factors (Pediatrics 128:e1155–e1163) (2011); Escobar GJ, Puopolo KM, Wi S, et al.: Stratification of risk of early-onset sepsis in newborns ≥ 34 weeks' gestation (Pediatrics 133:30–36) (2014); Kuzniewicz MW, Puopolo KM, Fischer A, et al.: A quantitative, risk-based approach to the management of neonatal early-onset sepsis (JAMA Pediatr 171:365–371) (2017); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator – EMR Implementation FAQ (raw equation, coefficients, intercepts, recommendation matrix) (2021); Kuzniewicz MW, Escobar GJ, Forquer H, et al.: Update to the Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator Utilizing a Contemporary Cohort (Pediatrics 154(4)) (2024); Kaiser Permanente Division of Research: 2024 EOS Calculator Model Update – FAQ (2024)