This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
TWIST Score
Five findings in acute scrotum – risk of testicular torsion low (0–2), intermediate (3–4) or high (5–7) according to Barbosa 2013
Calculation aid for healthcare professionals: the calculator reproduces what the sources cited assign to the inputs. Clinical assessment and every treatment decision remain with the treating physician. Inputs and results are not stored.
Frequently asked questions
TWIST Score: What does this calculator compute?
TWIST score (Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion, Barbosa 2013) for children and adolescents with acute scrotum: swollen testicle (2), hard testicle (2), absent cremasteric reflex (1), nausea or vomiting (1), high-riding testicle (1). 0–2 points low, 3–4 intermediate, 5–7 high risk of testicular torsion. A low score does not exclude torsion.
TWIST Score: Which sources is this calculator based on?
Barbosa JA, Tiseo BC, Barayan GA, et al.: Development and initial validation of a scoring system to diagnose testicular torsion in children (J Urol 189:1859–1864; Erratum J Urol 2014;192:619) (2013); Qin KR, Qu LG: Diagnostic accuracy of the TWIST score: a systematic review and meta-analysis (J Urol 208:62–70) (2022)