This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.

PIM 3 – Paediatric Index of Mortality 3

Probability of death on admission to the pediatric intensive care unit (Straney 2013)

On admission (first hour)

Both pupils > 3 mm and both fixed

Elective admission (can be postponed by more than 6 h)

Mechanical ventilation in the first hour (invasive, CPAP, BiPAP)

Base Excess (arterial or capillary) (mmol/l)

Empty = unknown (0).

Systolic blood pressure

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

Blood gas

PaO₂ (arterial) (mmHg)

Empty = unknown (ratio 0.23).

FiO₂ at the time of blood gas analysis

Diagnosis

Admission for recovery after a procedure

Diagnostic category (most severe only)

Scientific basis

Purpose

PIM 3 was developed for comparing intensive care units (standardized mortality ratio) and is not intended for individual case decisions.

Calculation aid for healthcare professionals: the calculator reproduces what the sources cited assign to the inputs. Clinical assessment and every treatment decision remain with the treating physician. Inputs and results are not stored.

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Sources

Paediatric Index of Mortality 3: an updated model for predicting mortality in pediatric intensive care (Pediatr Crit Care Med 14:673–681) Straney L, Clements A, Parslow RC, Pearson G, Shann F, Alexander J, Slater A; ANZICS Paediatric Study Group; Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network, 2013. Original paper (not freely accessible)
PIM2 & PIM3 for the ANZPIC Registry – Information Booklet, Version Jan 2019 (equation, variable definitions, diagnosis lists, worked example, p. 9–12) ANZICS Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation / Australian and New Zealand Paediatric Intensive Care Registry, 2019. Registry manual of the author group (read in full)

Scientific basis last reviewed: September 2026.

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Note

Calculation aid for healthcare professionals. Percentiles and z-scores describe the position of a measured value in the reference population; clinical assessment remains with the treating physician.