This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
21 calculators · appendicitis, PUCAI, PCDAI, PELD, dehydration, Rome IV criteria
This page brings together pediatric calculators and scores in gastroenterology: appendicitis scores (Pediatric Appendicitis Score according to Samuel 2002, pARC, Alvarado), activity indices in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (PUCAI, PCDAI according to Turner 2010, wPCDAI according to Turner 2012), PELD score (2002) and PELD-Cr (OPTN 2023), the stool osmotic gap, and dehydration scores in diarrhea (CDS, DHAKA according to Levine 2015, NIRUDAK). They are complemented by the Rome IV criteria for constipation, regurgitation and dyschezia. They support assessment and documentation in practice and hospital. Each calculator states its formula and sources.
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Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS)
Eight criteria from history, examination, and blood count, 0–10 points, thresholds according to Samuel 2002 -
pARC – Pediatric Appendicitis Risk Calculator
Probability of appendicitis (5–18 years) from sex, age, duration of pain, findings and neutrophil count (Kharbanda 2018) -
Alvarado score (MANTRELS)
Eight items (0–10 points) for the likelihood of acute appendicitis – 5–6 compatible, 7–8 probable, 9–10 very probable -
PUCAI – Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index
Six clinical items (0–85 points): remission < 10, mild 10–34, moderate 35–64, severe ≥ 65 -
PCDAI – Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index
Eleven items from history, examination and laboratory (0–100 points) with the cutoffs according to Turner 2010 -
wPCDAI – weighted PCDAI
Eight weighted items without growth, abdominal findings, and hematocrit (0–125 points; Turner 2012) -
PELD score (2002)
Pediatric End-Stage Liver Disease from bilirubin, INR, albumin, age < 1 year and growth failure (McDiarmid 2002) -
PELD-Cr (OPTN 2023)
Current PELD with creatinine, continuous age, and growth z-score (Hsu 2021; OPTN since July 13, 2023) -
Stool Osmotic Gap
290 − 2 × (Na + K) in stool water: > 125 osmotic, < 50 secretory -
Clinical Dehydration Scale (CDS)
General condition, eyes, mucous membranes, tears (0–8 points) in gastroenteritis from 1 month to 5 years -
DHAKA Dehydration Score
General condition, respiration, skin turgor, tears (0–12 points) in children under 5 years with diarrhea (Levine 2015) -
NIRUDAK – dehydration from age 5 years
Probability of no, mild and severe dehydration in diarrhea from 5 years of age – simplified (3 signs) or full model (Levine 2021) -
Rome IV criteria: functional constipation
Criteria for infants and toddlers under 4 years (Benninga 2016) and for children from 4 years (Hyams 2016) -
Rome IV criteria: infant regurgitation
Regurgitation ≥ 2 times daily for ≥ 3 weeks without warning signs in healthy infants aged 3 weeks to 12 months -
Rome IV criteria: infant dyschezia
At least 10 minutes of straining and crying before soft stool in healthy infants under 9 months -
Rome IV criteria: infant colic
Excessive crying in infants: clinical criteria G4 without an hour limit, on request the criteria for studies (rule of three), Benninga 2016 -
Rome IV criteria: rumination, cyclic vomiting and functional diarrhea in infants and toddlers
Infant rumination (G2), cyclic vomiting (G3) and functional diarrhea or toddler's diarrhea (G5) per Benninga 2016 -
Rome IV criteria: nausea, vomiting, rumination and aerophagia in children and adolescents
Cyclic vomiting (H1a), functional nausea (H1b1), functional vomiting (H1b2), rumination syndrome (H1c) and aerophagia (H1d) according to Hyams 2016 -
Rome IV criteria: functional abdominal pain in children and adolescents
Functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, abdominal migraine and FAP-NOS in one pass (Hyams 2016) -
Rome IV criteria: non-retentive fecal incontinence
Fecal incontinence without fecal retention from a developmental age of 4 years for at least 1 month (H3b, Hyams 2016) -
Celiac disease: diagnosis without biopsy in children and adolescents
Checks whether, according to the S2k guideline 2021 and ESPGHAN 2020, a diagnosis of celiac disease without biopsy is possible: tTG-IgA from 10 times the cutoff, EMA-IgA in a second blood sample, counseling; with IgA deficiency always biopsy
Frequently asked questions
Which scores are available for assessing appendicitis in children?
Available are the Pediatric Appendicitis Score (eight criteria, 0–10 points, thresholds according to Samuel 2002), the Alvarado score and the pARC, which calculates the probability for 5–18-year-olds from sex, age, duration of pain, findings and neutrophil count.
How do I assess the degree of dehydration in gastroenteritis?
The Clinical Dehydration Scale (0–8 points) applies to children from 1 month to 5 years, the DHAKA score (0–12 points) to children below 5 years with diarrhea. For children from 5 years, NIRUDAK is available.
How do I distinguish osmotic from secretory diarrhea?
The Stool Osmotic Gap calculator computes 290 − 2 × (Na + K) in stool water. A value above 125 suggests osmotic diarrhea, a value below 50 secretory diarrhea.