This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.

Echo z-scores

Z-scores of echocardiographic measures from body surface area and measured value – Pettersen 2008 (21 structures), Kampmann 2000 (M-mode)

Child

Height (cm)

Body weight (kg)

Body surface area according to

For Kampmann, the site always calculates with DuBois (convention of the paper).

M-mode (parasternal short axis) – measurements in mm

Right ventricle, end-diastolic (RVDd, M-mode)

Septum end-diastolic (IVSd, M-mode)

Septum end-systolic (IVSs, M-mode)

Left ventricle end-diastolic (LVIDd, M-mode)

Left ventricle end-systolic (LVIDs, M-mode)

LV posterior wall end-diastolic (LVPWd, M-mode)

LV posterior wall end-systolic (LVPWs, M-mode)

Aorta – measurements in mm

Aortic valve annulus (systolic, parasternal long axis)

Sinus of Valsalva (systolic)

Sinotubular junction (systolic)

Transverse aortic arch (between brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery)

Aortic isthmus (after the left subclavian artery)

Distal aortic arch (after the isthmus)

Aorta at diaphragm level (subcostal)

Pulmonary arteries – measurements in mm

Pulmonary valve annulus (systolic)

Main pulmonary artery (parasternal short axis)

Right pulmonary artery (after the bifurcation)

Left pulmonary artery (after the bifurcation)

Valves and atrium – measurements in mm

Mitral valve annulus (diastolic, apical 4-chamber)

Tricuspid valve annulus (diastolic, apical 4-chamber)

Left atrium (anteroposterior, systolic)

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Sources

Regression Equations for Calculation of Z Scores of Cardiac Structures in a Large Cohort of Healthy Infants, Children, and Adolescents: An Echocardiographic Study (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 21:922–934) – Table 2 Pettersen MD, Du W, Skeens ME, Humes RA; Children's Hospital of Michigan, 2008. Original paper (782 children from 1 day to 18 years; freely accessible reprint read, coefficients checked against the page image)
Normal values of M mode echocardiographic measurements of more than 2000 healthy infants and children in central Europe (Heart 83:667–672) – Tables 1 and 2 Kampmann C, Wiethoff CM, Wenzel A et al.; University of Mainz, 2000. Original paper (2,036 healthy Central European children; full text read via Europe PMC, tables transcribed from the page image)

Scientific basis last reviewed: September 2026.

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Note

Calculation aid for healthcare professionals. Percentiles and z-scores describe the position of a measured value in the reference population; clinical assessment remains with the treating physician.