This version was machine-translated from German and has not been medically reviewed. The authoritative version is the German version.
Neurology & pain
17 calculators · PedMIDAS, phenytoin, head injury rules, stroke scale, pain scales
Here you will find pediatric calculators and scores for neurology, pain and head trauma: the decision rules PECARN, CATCH and CHALICE for traumatic brain injury, the Infant Scalp Score, the PECARN rules for blunt abdominal trauma and cervical spine imaging (Leonard 2024), the Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale (Ichord 2004/2011), PedMIDAS in migraine and the corrected phenytoin level. For pain assessment, FLACC, CHEOPS and BOPS (Hesselgard 2007) are included. They serve structured assessment and documentation in everyday clinical practice. Each calculator states its formula and sources.
-
FLACC pain scale
Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability – observer-rated pain, 0–10 points -
PedMIDAS – migraine disability
Six questions on missed and restricted days in the last 3 months – grading 0–10 / 11–30 / 31–50 / > 50 -
Corrected phenytoin level
Correct total level in hypoalbuminemia by Sheiner-Tozer (with variant for renal insufficiency) -
PECARN Pediatric Head Injury Rule
Risk of clinically important brain injury after mild traumatic brain injury (GCS 14–15) – under and from 2 years -
Infant Scalp Score / scalp hematoma score in infants
Age, hematoma size, and location in infants with isolated cephalohematoma – risk of brain injury (Schutzman 2021) -
PECARN Pediatric Intra-Abdominal Injury Rule
Seven features after blunt torso trauma – with no feature, very low risk of an intra-abdominal injury requiring intervention -
PECARN C-Spine Imaging Rule
High- and intermediate-risk factors for cervical spine injury after blunt trauma (Leonard 2024) -
CATCH & CATCH2 Head Injury Rule
Canadian CT rule for mild traumatic brain injury: four high-risk and three (CATCH2: four) medium-risk factors -
CHALICE Head Injury Rule
14 criteria from history, examination, and mechanism – one criterion met favors a CT (Dunning 2006) -
Pediatric NIH Stroke Scale (PedNIHSS)
15 items of the NIH Stroke Scale with pediatric adaptations (Ichord 2004/2011), total 0–42 (infant scheme 0–44) -
CHEOPS pain score
Postoperative pain in children aged 1–7 years: crying, face, verbalization, torso, touching the wound, legs – 4–13 points -
BOPS – Behavioral Observational Pain Scale
Facial expression, verbalization, body posture 0–2 points each – analgesia from 3 points (Hesselgard 2007) -
Pittsburgh Infant Brain Injury Score (PIBIS)
Skin findings, age, head circumference and hemoglobin in well-appearing infants with a suspicious symptom – from 2 points consider imaging of the head (Berger 2016) -
KUSS: Child Discomfort and Pain Scale according to Büttner
Observer-rated scale after surgery in non-ventilated children up to 4 completed years of age: crying, face, trunk, legs, restlessness each 0–2, pain treatment from 4 points -
NIPS: Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (pain scale for newborns)
Newborns: face, cry, breathing, arms, legs, arousal, 0–7 points; levels no, mild, moderate, severe pain -
CRIES: pain scale for newborns after surgery
Crying, oxygen requirement, vital signs, facial expression, sleep each 0–2, total 0–10 (Krechel 1995) – without a threshold for pain therapy -
5P score / Risk of persistent symptoms after concussion
9 features in the emergency department (5 to 17 years, up to 48 hours after the injury) – 0 to 12 points, risk of persistent symptoms after 28 days (Zemek 2016)
Frequently asked questions
Which decision rules exist for CT after mild traumatic brain injury in children?
The portal offers the PECARN rule (GCS 14–15), the Canadian CATCH and CATCH2 rules, and the CHALICE rule with 14 criteria, in which a single fulfilled criterion argues for a CT scan (Dunning). The Infant Scalp Score applies to infants with cephalohematoma.
Which pain scale is suitable for children?
For observer-rated assessment, FLACC (0–10 points), CHEOPS for postoperative pain in children aged 1–7 years, and the BOPS with analgesia from 3 points (Hesselgard 2007) are available. Each calculator describes its items.
How do I correct the phenytoin level in hypoalbuminemia?
The Corrected Phenytoin Level calculator corrects the measured total level in hypoalbuminemia according to Sheiner-Tozer and additionally offers a variant for renal insufficiency. The formula and source are given on the calculator page.